Why Do Weather Changes Trigger My Migraines?

Migraines are debilitating episodes of intense head pain that can disrupt every aspect of your life. While triggers like stress, lack of sleep, or certain foods are commonly known, many people with migraines also notice that changes in the weather can set off an attack. If you’ve ever felt the onset of a migraine when the temperature drops or the humidity rises, it isn’t your imagination.

At Neurology Specialists of Albuquerque, we understand the life-disrupting and unpredictable nature of migraines, especially when external factors like weather are at play. Our team has put together some information about why weather changes can trigger migraines, and when to seek professional help.

How do weather changes trigger migraines?

While the exact cause of migraines isn’t fully understood, researchers believe that changes in weather affect the body in several ways, increasing the likelihood of a migraine. Here are some of the most common weather-related triggers:

Barometric pressure fluctuations

One of the most common weather-related migraine triggers is a sudden change in barometric pressure. This happens before storms, during altitude changes, or when weather patterns shift abruptly. These fluctuations can affect blood flow in the brain, causing blood vessels to expand or contract in ways that may trigger migraines. For those with heightened sensitivity, even small changes in pressure can lead to migraine pain.

Temperature extremes

Extremes in temperature, whether it’s scorching heat or frigid cold, can also contribute to migraines. Hot, humid weather can lead to dehydration, which is a well-known migraine trigger. On the other hand, cold, dry air can irritate sinus pathways or disrupt the body’s temperature regulation, increasing the chances of an attack. Staying hydrated and regulating your environment can help counteract these effects.

Bright sunlight

For many people, bright sunlight acts as an overstimulating force on the brain. Even on overcast days, intense light can pierce through cloud cover, leading to visual strain and increased sensitivity if you’re prone to migraines. 

This trigger is especially frustrating for people who live in sunnier climates or experience long periods of daylight during certain seasons. Protective measures like sunglasses or limiting outdoor exposure can reduce the impact of bright light.

Seasonal allergens

Weather changes often stir up environmental allergens like pollen or mold, which can be a double-edged sword for individuals with migraines. Allergic reactions can trigger sinus congestion, which worsens migraines. Inflammatory responses to allergens can also heighten the body’s sensitivity to external stimuli, making weather-triggered migraines more severe or frequent.

Why am I more sensitive to weather changes?

If weather triggers your migraines, you may have a heightened sensitivity to environmental changes. Genetics appear to play a role since a family history of migraines makes you more likely to experience weather-induced attacks.

The brain’s hypothalamus, which regulates responses to external stimuli, is also believed to play a role. In individuals prone to migraines, the hypothalamus may overreact to changes in weather, setting off the chain of events that lead to an attack.

When to seek professional treatment

If weather-related migraines are interfering with your quality of life, it’s time to get some support from a specialist. At Neurology Specialists of Albuquerque, Dr. Ownbey offers comprehensive evaluations to identify your triggers and recommend tailored treatments.

Treatment options may include prescription medications specifically designed to relieve or prevent migraines. For patients experiencing chronic migraines (15 or more migraines per month), Botox therapy may be an effective solution. Botox injections can help prevent migraines before they start, providing months of relief with just a few treatments per year.

Take control of your migraines

Weather-triggered migraines can be frustrating, but you can take back control and improve your quality of life. Schedule a consultation with Neurology Specialists of Albuquerque today. Our compassionate team helps patients just like you best manage their migraines and regain control over your lives.